Using steganography I have given each of the 21 gang members a DSM5 diagnosis and hidden these and the DSM5 criteria in the image.
Have been following and involved with the gangs since February 2023! :)
Thrill – substance use disorders, Flashback – PTSD, Bounce – ADHD, Eco – Catatonia, Sketch – Conduct disorder, Beatbox – Tourette’s disorder, Scribe – obsessive compulsive disorder, Zoom – manic episode, Jolt – adjustment disorder, Wildcard – borderline personality disorder, Glitch – Depersonalisation/Derealisation disorder, Serene – frontotemporal dementia, Snap – intermittent explosive disorder, Whisker: trichotillomania, Byte - Body-focused repetitive behaviour disorder, Zap – major depressive disorder, Snuggle: Autism spectrum disorder, Swag – narcissistic personality disorder, Zipper- antisocial personality disorder, Pop – schizophrenia. Chillwave – Cannabis use disorder
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS: a One or more abuse criteria within a 12-month period and no dependence diagnosis; applicable to all substances except nicotine, for which DSM-IV abuse criteria were not given. b Three or more dependence criteria within a 12-month period. c Two or more substance use disorder criteria within a 12-month period. d Withdrawal not included for cannabis, inhalant, and hallucinogen disorders in DSM-IV. Cannabis withdrawal added in DSM-5.
PTSD: Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways: Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s). Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others. Learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member or friend, the event(s) must have been violent or accidental. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s) (e.g., first responders collecting human remains; police officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse). Note: Criterion A4 does not apply to exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures, unless this exposure is work related. Presence of one (or more) of the following intrusion symptoms associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning after the traumatic event(s) occurred: Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event(s). Note: In children older than 6 years, repetitive play may occur in which themes or aspects of the traumatic event(s) are expressed. Recurrent distressing dreams in which the content and/or affect of the dream are related to the traumatic event(s). Note: In children, there may be frightening dreams without recognizable content. Dissociative reactions (e.g., flashbacks) in which the individual feels or acts as if the traumatic event(s) were recurring. (Such reactions may occur on a continuum, with the most extreme expression being a complete loss of awareness of present surroundings.) Note: In children, trauma-specific reenactment may occur in play. Intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s). Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s). Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidenced by one or both of the following: Avoidance of or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s). Avoidance of or efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities, objects, situations) that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s).
Negative alterations in cognitions and mood associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidenced by two (or more) of the following:
Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event(s) (typically due to dissociative amnesia, and not to other factors such as head injury, alcohol, or drugs). Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others, or the world (e.g., “I am bad,” “No one can be trusted,” “The world is completely dangerous,” “My whole nervous system is permanently ruined”).
Persistent, distorted cognitions about the cause or consequences of the traumatic event(s) that lead the individual to blame himself/herself or others. Persistent negative emotional state (e.g., fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame). Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities.
Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others. Persistent inability to experience positive emotions (e.g., inability to experience happiness, satisfaction, or loving feelings). Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidenced by two (or more) of the following: Irritable behavior and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation), typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects. Reckless or self-destructive behavior. Hypervigilance. Exaggerated startle response. Problems with concentration. Sleep disturbance (e.g., difficulty falling or staying asleep or restless sleep).
ADHD - People with ADHD show a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity–impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development: Inattention: Six or more symptoms of inattention for children up to age 16 years, or five or more for adolescents age 17 years and older and adults; symptoms of inattention have been present for at least 6 months, and they are inappropriate for developmental level: Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities. Often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities. Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly. Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (e.g., loses focus, side-tracked). Often has trouble organizing tasks and activities. Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental effort over a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework). Often loses things necessary for tasks and activities (e.g. school materials, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, mobile telephones). Is often easily distracted Is often forgetful in daily activities. Hyperactivity and Impulsivity: Six or more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity for children up to age 16 years, or five or more for adolescents age 17 years and older and adults; symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity have been present for at least 6 months to an extent that is disruptive and inappropriate for the person’s developmental level: Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat. Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected.
Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may be limited to feeling restless). Often unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietly.
Is often “on the go” acting as if “driven by a motor”. Often talks excessively. Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed. Often has trouble waiting their turn. Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games).
CATATONIA: The clinical picture is dominated by at least 3 of the following symptoms: Stupor (i.e. - no psychomotor activity; not actively relating to environment). Catalepsy (i.e. - passive induction of a posture held against gravity; or muscular rigidity and fixity of posture regardless of external stimuli; catalepsy is a motor symptom of schizophrenia similar to waxy flexibility). Waxy flexibility (i.e. - slight, even resistance to positioning by examiner; the limb can be placed in an awkward posture and remain fixed in position for long time despite asking the individual to relax). Mutism (i.e. - no, or very little, verbal response [exclude if known aphasia]). Negativism (i.e. - opposition or no response to instructions or external stimuli; see also Gegenhalten). Posturing (i.e. - spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity). Mannerism (i.e. - odd, circumstantial caricature of normal actions). Stereotypy (i.e. - repetitive, abnormally frequent, non-goal-directed movements)
Agitation (not influenced by external stimuli). Grimacing. Echolalia (i.e. - mimicking another’s speech). Echopraxia (i.e. - mimicking another’s movements).
CONDUCT DISORDER: A. A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, as manifested by the presence of at least three of the following 15 criteria in the past 12 months from any of the categories below, with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months: Aggression to People and Animals 1. Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others. 2. Often initiates physical fights. 3. Has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others (e.g., a bat, brick, broken bottle, knife, gun). 4. Has been physically cruel to people. 5. Has been physically cruel to animals. 6. Has stolen while confronting a victim (e.g., mugging, purse snatching, extortion, armed robbery). 7. Has forced someone into sexual activity. Destruction of Property 8. Has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage. 9. Has deliberately destroyed others’ property (other than by fire setting). Deceitfulness or Theft 10. Has broken into someone else’s house, building, or car. 11. Often lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid obligations (i.e., “cons” others). 12. Has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim (e.g., shoplifting, but without breaking and entering; forgery). Serious Violations of Rules 13. Often stays out at night despite parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13 years. 14. Has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in the parental or parental surrogate home, or once without returning for a lengthy period. 15. Is often truant from school, beginning before age 13 years. B. The disturbance in behavior causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. C. If the individual is age 18 years or older, criteria are not met for antisocial personality disorder.
TOURETTE’S DISORDER: Both multiple motor and 1 or more vocal tics have been present at some time during the illness, though not necessarily concurrently. (A tic is a sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization). The tics may wax and wane in frequency but have persisted for more than 1 year since first tic onset. The onset is before age 18 years. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiologic effects of a substance (eg, cocaine) or a general medical condition (eg, Huntington disease or postviral encephalitis).
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER: Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both: Obsessions are defined by (1) and (2): Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted, and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action (i.e. - by performing a compulsion)
Compulsions are defined by (1) and (2): Repetitive behaviors (e.g. - hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e.g. - praying, counting, repeating words silently) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly
The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent, or are clearly excessive.
MANIA: A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood AND
Abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary). During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy and activity, at least 3 of the following symptoms have persisted (4 symptoms if the mood is only irritable), represent a noticeable change from usual behaviour, and have been present to a significant degree: Distractibility (i.e. - attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli), as reported or observed. Indiscretion, characterized by excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g. - unrestrained buying sprees, sexual behaviours, or foolish business investments). Grandiosity or inflated self-esteem. Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing. Activity (goal-directed) increasing (e.g. - either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation. Sleep decreased (e.g. - feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep). Talkative (more than usual or pressure to keep talking).
ADJUSTMENT DISORDER: The development of emotional or behavioural symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor(s) occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor(s).
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER: A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by at least 5 of the following: Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. (Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.) A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self. Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g. - spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). (Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.) Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior. Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g. - intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days). Chronic feelings of emptiness. Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g. - frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights). Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms.
DEPERSONALISATION/DEREALISATION DISORDER: The presence of persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both: Depersonalization: Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions (e.g., perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time, unreal or absent self, emotional and/or physical numbing). Derealization: Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings (e.g., individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, life less, or visually distorted).
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA: Evidence of significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in 1 or more cognitive domains (complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, or social cognition) based on: Concern of the individual, a knowledgeable informant, or the clinician that there has been a significant decline in cognitive function; and A substantial impairment in cognitive performance, preferably documented by standardized neuropsychological testing or, in its absence, another quantified clinical assessment. The disturbance has insidious onset and gradual progression. Either (1) or (2); Behavioural variant a. 3 or more of the following behavioural symptoms: Behavioural disinhibition Apathy or inertia Loss of sympathy or empathy Perseverative, stereotyped or compulsive/ritualistic behaviour Hyperorality and dietary changes b. Prominent decline in social cognition and/or executive abilities Language variant a. Prominent decline in language ability, in the form of speech production, word finding, object naming, grammar, or word comprehension.
INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER: Recurrent behavioural outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses as manifested by either of the following: Verbal aggression (e.g. - temper tantrums, tirades, verbal arguments or fights) or physical aggression toward property, animals, or other individuals, occurring twice weekly, on average, for a period of 3 months. The physical aggression does not result in damage or destruction of property and does not result in physical injury to animals or other individuals. 3 behavioural outbursts involving damage or destruction of property and/or physical assault involving physical injury against animals or other individuals occurring within a 12-month period. The magnitude of aggressiveness expressed during the recurrent outbursts is grossly out of proportion to the provocation or to any precipitating psychosocial stressors.
TRICHOTILLOMANIA: Recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in hair loss. Repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair pulling.
BODY FOCUSSED REPETITIVE BEHAVIOUR DISORDER: This is characterized by recurrent body-focused repetitive behaviours (e.g. - nail biting, lip biting, cheek chewing) and repeated attempts to decrease or stop the behaviors.
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: At least 5 out of 9 symptoms present in the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning, AND At least 1 of the 5 symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia). Mood is depressed most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g. - feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g. - appears tearful). In children and adolescents, there can be irritable mood. Sleep changes: insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day. Interest or pleasure markedly diminished in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation). Guilt and/or worthlessness (excessive or inappropriate - which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick). Energy decreased or fatigue nearly every day. Concentration diminished, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others). Appetite changes: significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g. - a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day. In children, consider failure to make expected weight gain. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down). Suicide, recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by all of the following, currently or by history. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity (e.g. - abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation; reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect; failure to initiate or respond to social interactions). Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviours used for social interaction (e.g. - poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication; abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures; total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication). Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships, (e.g. - difficulties adjusting behaviour to suit various social contexts; difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends; absence of interest in peers)
NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER: A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behaviour), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 (or more) of the following: Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g. - exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements). Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love. Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions) Requires excessive admiration. Has a sense of entitlement (i.e. - unreasonable expectations of especially favourable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations). Is interpersonally exploitative (i.e. - takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends). Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others. Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her. Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER: A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by 3 (or more) of the following: Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest. Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead. Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults. Reckless disregard for safety of self or others. Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behaviour or honour financial obligations. Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another
SCHIZOPHRENIA: At least 2 of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3): Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence) Grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition).
CANNABIS USE DISORDER: A problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least 2 of the following, occurring within a 12-month period: Cannabis is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control cannabis use. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain cannabis, use cannabis, or recover from its effects. Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use cannabis. Recurrent cannabis use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home. Continued cannabis use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of cannabis. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of cannabis use. Recurrent cannabis use in situations in which it is physically hazardous. Cannabis use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by cannabis. Tolerance, as defined by either of the following: A. A need for markedly increased amounts of cannabis to achieve intoxication or desired effect. B. Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of cannabis. Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following: A. The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for cannabis (refer to Criteria A and B of the criteria set for cannabis withdrawal). B. Cannabis (or a closely related substance) is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.